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Essential
Oil Therapy (EOT)
The
Perfect Blend of Art & Science
What
are Essential Oils (EO)
Difference between
aromatherapy & Oil Therapy
Which
EO relieve nausea
Best EO
combinations
How
do EO's work
Saftey considerations
of EOT
EOT Relief for
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QueaseEASE
is a drug-free, all natural product consisting of a unique blend of
pure essential oils. It was formulated to calm the queasiness associated
with surgery and anesthesia and is also beneficial for soothing motion
sickness, morning sickness and chemotherapy related nausea. The user
simply removes the cap, holds the container under their nose, takes a
few deep breaths of the aromatic aroma, and replaces the cap tightly
after each use. This can be repeated as often as necessary with no worry
of unwanted side effects or unpleasant interactions with other
medications. QueaseEASE is provided in a unique container designed for
safety, ease of use and portability.
Essential Oil Therapy
The Perfect Blend of Art
and Science
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Essential oils (EOs)
are highly concentrated volatile liquids extracted from various parts
of different plants. Each EO contains hundreds of molecules
intricately responsible for regulating every aspect of the health and
life cycle of the plant. |
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Essential oils
have been used for thousands of years by numerous civilizations to
provide remedies for preventative and curative health care. In more
recent times, with the aid of analytical chemistry, science has
revealed the healing properties contained within aromatic plant cells,
and their positive effects on nearly every system of the human body. |
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QueaseEASE
contains EOs known for their nausea suppressing attributes. The high
concentration of menthol in peppermint and spearmint, the calming
linalol found in lavender, and the antispasmodic terpenes contained in
ginger are believed to contribute to the nausea relief experienced
when inhaling QueaseEASE. |
How it Works
Through simple
olfaction, the pleasant aroma of the blend sends a chemical message to
the olfactory bulb where the impulses are processed and passed along
to the limbic system in the brain. The limbic system receives the
sensory input from the olfactory tract and transmits it, through
reflex action, to the central nervous system. This is one reason why
essential oils can produce immediate physical effects, such as rapid
relief from queasiness.
Safety
The safety record
of Essential Oil Therapy is outstanding! The only adverse outcomes
reported involve skin reactions or illness from excessive oral intake
of essential oils. Since QueaseEASE was developed for use in
hospitals with sedated patients, safety of the delivery system was a
top priority. For this reason QueaseEASE is provided in an inhalation
only portable container that prohibits skin or mucous membrane
contact. This safety feature provides the user with a 100% pure and
natural drug-free product that can be used to provide relief from
queasiness anytime-anywhere!
(TOP)
Background
Wendy Nichols, a
Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist (CRNA), has been providing
anesthesia in a variety of settings for 18 years. Ms. Nichols�
frustration with the lack of effective non-drug treatments available
in hospitals to treat nausea caused her to search for a product that
was inhaled, free of side effects and pleasant to smell. �he product I
was looking for needed to be immediately effective, safe and easy to
administer� Wendy stated. �t had to be in a delivery system useable
in the OR, recovery room, all the way to discharge. I envisioned
something the patient could use in the car on the way home, or on the
stretcher ride to their hospital room. She knew that Essential Oils
had many therapeutic benefits and decided to look for such a product
to offer to her patients.
Ms. Nichols
searched exhaustively and found no product on the market that met her
criteria. She began to research essential oils and over the next
several months studied numerous books, articles, and websites for
specific references to essential oil use in treating nausea. Wendy
found that there was enough compelling scientific evidence to suggest
4 Essential Oils were beneficial in the treatment of nausea; Lavender,
Ginger, Peppermint and Spearmint. She felt strongly enough about the
potential benefit of this type of therapy that she developed the
product QueaseEASE, an aromatic blend of pure Essential Oils that
provides a safe, portable, all natural effective treatment for nausea.
(TOP)
What are Essential Oils?
Essential Oils (EOs)
are concentrated, aromatic, volatile compounds made from plants. They
differ from vegetable oils by evaporating when exposed to air, leaving
no oily residue.
In most cases,
they are obtained from plants by a distillation process.
The plant material
containing the desired compounds (leaves for peppermint, flowers for
lavender, and rhizomes for ginger) is placed in a large distillation
apparatus with water. As the water is heated, the steam passes through
the plant material, vaporizing the volatile compounds. The vapor flows
through a coil, condensing back to liquid, forming the �ssential oil�.
Each EO contains
anywhere from 100 � 300 different molecular components, chemically
classed as alcohols, terpenes, ketones, phenols, esters, etc. Each
plant develops these molecules through evolution to accomplish
specific tasks, for example:
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to attract
pollinators such as bees or birds |
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to repel
attackers such as insects, fungi, bacteria, or animals |
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to provide
protection from drought conditions |
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to heal damage
to the plant |
Essential oils
have been in use for thousands of years by numerous civilizations.
They are extensively used today in the fragrance and food industries,
in addition to being widely used throughout the world medicinally.(TOP)
What is the difference between aromatherapy and Essential Oil Therapy?
The term
aromatherapy can mean the use of essential oils or more commonly in
the US, means the use of a fragrance that smells like an essential
oil. For example, if a large company wanted to mass produce lavender �romatherapy
candles�, they would use one of the compounds found in lavender, the
alcohol linalol, which is responsible for its distinctive smell. This
compound would be diluted with additional chemicals to produce a
consistent aroma, and would be much cheaper to obtain.
By contrast, �ssential
oil therapy� means that the oil is used without any alteration or
manipulation, pure and whole. It is widely believed that the synergy
of all the molecular compounds working together, quenching undesired
effects and enhancing desired ones, produce the essential oils�
healing benefits.
High quality,
medical grade essential oils are produced using organically grown
plants, and processed by meticulous distillers who check the final
product with mass spectrometry to verify therapeutic compound levels.(TOP)
Which essential oils
relieve nausea?
Four essential
oils have been found to provide relief from nausea:
Peppermint (Mentha
Piperita) has been a classic essential oil choice for the treatment of
nausea for hundreds of years. There are studies showing its efficacy
in reducing PONV (Tate, 1997), chemotherapy induced nausea (Fuguenik,
1998), and colonic spasms during colonoscopy (Asao et al, 2001;
Leicester & Hunt, 1982) and after colostomy surgery (McKensie &
Gallacher, 1989). Peppermint is believed to exert its antispasmodic
influence on the gastric lining and colon through its alcohol
compounds menthone and menthol.
In a small
randomized, placebo controlled study of 18 women postoperative for
gynecological surgery there was a statistically significant reduction
in nausea and fewer anti-emetics and analgesics used in the group
receiving peppermint EO compared to the control (no treatment) and the
placebo (Tate, 1997). Various mechanisms of actions may explain
effectiveness of peppermint for nausea. Luteolin-7-O-rutinoside of
Mentha Piperita demonstrated a potent inhibitory effect on histamine
release in rats given 100 and 300 mg/kg orally (Inoue, Sugimoto,
Masuda, Kamei, 2002). The authors conclude that this dose-related
inhibition could reduce allergic rhinitis and gastrointestinal
responses mediated by histamine, such as motion sickness. Evidence
that humans can detect olfactory stimuli while sleeping or under
anesthesia was demonstrated in one test of 10 adults who experienced
prolonged light sleep in response to peppermint EO, measured by EEG (Badia,
et al 1990).
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Spearmint (Mentha
Spicata) Mentha spicata has similar anti-emetic benefits as
peppermint, but may prove effective for longer periods than
peppermint (Buckle, 2003). There are no studies on its efficacy for
nausea and vomiting, although spearmint contains the same alcohol
molecule, menthol, as peppermint, and is often used to calm the
stomach in after dinner mints and teas. The carvone in spearmint
gives it a distinctive aroma, and often is preferred over the more
stimulating odor of peppermint. |
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Lavender (Lavandula
angustifolia) is purported to have sedative effects when inhaled in
humans and animals (Lis-Balchin, & Hart, 1999), along with
anxiolytic, anticonvulsive, motor inhibitory and spasmolytic effects
in animals (Block, Gyllenhaal, & Mead, 2004; Buchbauer, Jirovetz, et
al 1993). Inhalation of lavender oil vapors in mice produced a serum
level comparable to that of an intravenous injection. Absorption
into the blood stream was rapid via the nasal and lung mucosa and
very low levels were required to produce a sedative effect (Buchbauer,
Jirovetz et al, 1991). In clinical studies, inhalation of lavender
demonstrated greater improvements in mood and less anxiety in 77% of
122 patients in an intensive care unit (Dunn et al, 1995), increased
sleep time and less restlessness during sleep in 4 patients (Hardy,
Kirk-Smith, Stretch, 1995), and greater relaxation, less depression,
and CNS depressant activity in 23 females with insomnia (Schultz,
Hubner, & Ploch, 1997). In 13 healthy female subjects, lavender oil
reduced alpha waves of parietal and posterior temporal regions after
inhaling lavender oil (Masago et al, 2000). Buchbauer and colleagues
(1991) found the sedative effects of lavender were closely dependent
on the exposure time of the oil. |
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Ginger (Zingiber
Officinale) is a traditional remedy for nausea. This EO contains the
molecule zingiberene, believed to play a role in its
anti-inflammatory and anti-emetic properties. The botanical form of
ginger has been shown to be effective for n/v associated with
pregnancy (Fischer-Rasmussen et al, 1991; Sripramote & Lekhyananda,
2003; Vutyavanich, Kraisarin, Ruangsri, 2001; Willetts, Ekangaki, &
Eden, 2003), motion sickness (Lien, Sun, Chen, Kim & Hasler, 2003),
and for prevention of post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV)
with gynecological surgery (Pongrojpaw & Chiamchanya, 2003).
Dosages of Zingiber Officinale ranged from a total daily dose of 1
to 2 grams taken in capsule form. Significant effects on nausea were
consistent, although effects on vomiting were less reliable.
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The mechanism of
action of motion sickness is thought to be related to gastric
dysrhythmias and elevation of plasma vasopressin, both which were
assessed in a cross-over, double-blind, randomized placebo controlled
study and ameliorated with 1 and 2 grams of oral ginger taken as a
preventative before circular vection induced nausea (Lien, Sun, Chen,
Kim, Hasler, Owyang, 2003). Ginger also prolonged the latency period
before nausea onset and shortened the recovery time.
Portnoi (2003) and
Vutyavanich & Kraisin (1997) determined ginger to be safe during
pregnancy and without toxicity and adverse outcomes of the baby
following childbirth. The formulation in these studies was ingestion
of powdered or extract of ginger, rather than aromatherapy. If the
ingested form of ginger is safe and lacks toxicity, the inhaled form
has greater likelihood of safety, but the efficacy has not been
determined.(TOP)
A note about why these four EOs are thought to work better in
combination:
Apart from the
obvious benefits of utilizing each EOs contribution to relieving
nausea, the complex aroma produced will help prevent the unwanted side
effect of conditioned aversion. In a study involving children
undergoing chemotherapy and using peppermint oil for nausea relief,
researchers found that the readily identifiable and ubiquitous nature
of peppermint caused the patients to experience nausea whenever they
smelled peppermint toothpaste, gum, mints, etc (Post-White, 2004).(TOP)
How do essential oils work?
It is known that
EOs can be absorbed by the body through topical application to the
skin, oral ingestion and by inhalation. The fastest, safest and
simplest method is inhalation. EOs have a measurable effect at very
low concentrations (Jori, Bianchelli, 1969) and affect research
subjects while asleep, even if they lost the ability to smell (Badia,
Boecher, 1991).
By smelling the
aromatic vapor of an EO, the molecules travel up the olfactory tract
to the limbic system, which in turn, transmit the input to the central
nervous system. This is, in fact, how all smells are processed,
whether they are molecules given off by baking bread or flower
gardens.
A second aspect of
aroma processing occurs in the amygdala and hippocampus. These areas
store and recall the emotional memories of a specific smell. Odor cues
produce memories with greater intensity of emotions than any of the
other senses (Herz, 1996).
This is an
important factor to understand when using EO therapy for nausea. With
one deep breath through the nose, a person will not only transmit the
beneficial molecules from the EO to the CNS, they will instantly
recognize if the smell is pleasant or familiar and what memories it
evokes or creates (Savic, 2001).
An example of this
would be when an isopropyl alcohol pad is used to treat nausea, the
patient may experience relief of the nausea, but the smell may remind
them of unpleasant experiences, such as injections, IV insertions or
dental visits, producing a negative emotional reaction.
Smelling pleasing
aromas is known to enhance the emotional memory of events, even when
inherently unpleasant.
Another aspect of
odor processing involves the trigeminal nerve. Located within the
lining of the nose, the stimulation of this nerve by aromatic vapor
can produce sensations such as warming or cooling. These nerve fibers
can also affect the perception of nasal airflow during breathing (Savic,
2001). This is the mechanism thought to produce the deep cooling
breaths experienced when inhaling peppermint or spearmint EOs.(TOP)
What are the safety considerations of essential oil therapy?
Inhaling essential
oils is very safe. The majority of side effects reported in the
literature are skin rashes or skin irritation, with the remainder due
to excessive oral intake (Price, Price, 2002). For use in a hospital
setting, with sedated patients recovering from anesthesia, the safest
method is to provide the EO in an unbreakable, hand held container
such as QueaseEASE that prevents skin or mucous membrane contact.
There are no contraindications to the 4 essential oils listed, even
during pregnancy. Small children can safely use these EOs with
supervision.(TOP)
Can essential oil therapy be used for other types of Nausea?
Any type of nausea
can be relieved by essential oil use. The following is an explanation of
the major causes of nausea and how QueaseEASE, the unique blend of 4
essential oils can help.(TOP)
MOTION SICKNESS
Motion sickness is
a condition caused by exposure to unfamiliar motion that ranges from
mild discomfort to continual vomiting. It is thought to be caused by a
conflict in the brain; between input from the eyes and movement sensed
by the inner ear. A typical sufferer would be someone below the deck
of a boat in rolling seas, unable to view the horizon, or someone
trying to read in a car.
It can occur on
any type of moving vehicle - a boat, automobile, plane, train,
amusement park ride or even when playing virtual reality games. The
more dramatic symptoms start with a feeling of queasiness followed by
excessive mouth watering, cold sweating and vomiting. Other symptoms
include drowsiness, dizziness, loss of appetite, excessive yawning,
headache, and an overall feeling of misery.
Infants appear to
be highly resistant to motion sickness. Susceptibility increases with
age, peaking at 10 � 12 years old, after which it begins to decrease.
Females are more prone to motion sickness than males, especially
during times of increased hormonal activity, such as menstruation and
pregnancy. From one third to one half of airline passengers will
experience some degree of motion sickness when encountering heavy
turbulence, and it is estimated that 90% of all travelers, including
seasoned sailors, experience motion sickness at some point in their
life. Even 70% of Space Shuttle astronauts suffer from a form of
motion sickness.
QueaseEASE could
prove to be of great benefit in easing motion induced nausea. The fact
that it is inhaled and not ingested will be appreciated by those
suffering from motion sickness. QueaseEASEis provided in a container
ideally suited for travel; small, portable and discreet, easily
fitting in a pocket or around one� neck on a convenient and accessible
lanyard. Since QueaseEASE is drug-free; side effects such as
drowsiness and dry mouth are avoided, allowing the user to get the
most from their travel experience.(TOP)
MORNING SICKNESS or NVP
Nausea and
vomiting of pregnancy (NVP), commonly called morning sickness, affects
50 - 90% of pregnant women, approximately 3 - 5.5 million per year in
the United States.
The exact cause is
unknown, but is probably due to a number of factors such as increased
hormone levels, stress, fatigue and a higher sensitivity to odors.
It doesn't
necessarily occur only in the mornings, it can strike at any time of
day.
NVP usually
develops between the 4th and 6th week of pregnancy and in half the
cases, ends by the 14th to 16th week of pregnancy. It can have quite a
negative impact on a woman� ability to work: 47% of women with NVP
feel their job efficiency is reduced, 35% lose work time, averaging 62
work hours per woman, per pregnancy (Arsenault, 2002).
Current
recommendations for women with NVP include increasing rest and eating
whatever appeals to them during the first trimester of pregnancy.
Alternative therapies such as ginger tablets (in doses no more than 1
gm) and acupressure bands have been found to be beneficial. When
conservative methods fail, drugs can be cautiously given, with
Dicletin found to have the greatest safety and efficacy.
The use of
QueaseEASE for treating NVP has not yet been formally studied.
Responses to our surveys suggest that it has been used safely and
effectively by a number of pregnant women who suffer from NVP, helping
the majority feel less nauseated and less stressed. A few respondents
indicated it was the only thing that helped ease their nausea.
No evidence exists
that suggests any of the essential oils used in QueaseEASE are unsafe
for use in pregnancy, and the fact that they are inhaled, rather than
applied or ingested, give them an extra degree of safety. Peppermint,
Spearmint and Ginger essential oils are found in common items such as
mints, toothpaste, chewing gum and food products, with no restriction
placed on their use during pregnancy. Lavender is also one of the most
commonly used essential oils, found in candles, air freshener body
lotion and perfumes, none of which are contraindicated during
pregnancy.
(TOP)
POSTOPERATIVE NAUSEA
AND VOMITING (PONV)
Postoperative
nausea and vomiting (PONV) affects at least 30% of the 35 million
patients undergoing surgery and anesthesia in the United States each
year.
It can range from
minor queasiness to sustained vomiting, prolonging a patient� recovery
room time or leading to unplanned hospital admissions.
Patients rank PONV
as the most distressing aspect of their surgical experience, rating it
more unpleasant than pain.
The additional
costs incurred by a nauseated patient can be substantial. These
charges include additional medication, prolonged recovery room stays
and unplanned hospitalizations for outpatients. One study found the
additional costs to be approximately $415 per patient experiencing
PONV; another study estimated the cost of PONV for an average
outpatient surgery center could be as high as $1.5 million per year.
The cause of PONV
is complex and involves many factors. The nausea and vomiting center
of the brain lies in the medulla and receives input from multiple
sources such as the GI tract, central nervous system and inner ear,
each having the potential to be activated during surgery and
anesthesia. In addition, pain, anxiety and dehydration all increase
the incidence of PONV, as do individual patient characteristics. These
include being female, having a history of motion sickness or PONV,
being a nonsmoker and receiving narcotics postoperatively.
A variety of drugs
are available to prevent and treat PONV in the hospital or surgery
environment. They work with varying degrees of success, have a number
of adverse effects and can be quite expensive. The drugs used in a
hospital usually have to be administered by a registered nurse, via
injection, and can have side effects such as interaction with pain
medication resulting in breathing difficulties and excessive
drowsiness that require close observation by the nursing staff.
With over 60% of
surgeries occurring on an outpatient basis, PONV after discharge
presents an additional challenge. This can happen in over 35% of
patients up to the 5th post-op day. A German study showed that 14% of
outpatients experienced nausea traveling home. This aspect of PONV is
particularly distressing due to the lack of effective over-the-counter
(OTC) treatments.
QueaseEASE was
developed for use in treating PONV by a nurse anesthetist. It was
designed to be used in the OR, recovery room (PACU), hospital room or
even in the car on the way home. It can be used anywhere, anytime
queasiness strikes. The portable container is safe and easy to manage
for a medicated patient, and even with repeated use, should last at
least 6 months. Because it is drug-free, interactions with pain
killers and other sedatives are not a factor.(TOP)
CHEMOTHERAPY INDUCED NAUSEA AND VOMITING (CINV)
It is estimated
that if not treated with anti-emetic medications prior to
chemotherapy, 60-80% of patients will experience nausea and/or
vomiting.
Among the most
serious effects of prolonged CINV are dehydration and electrolyte
imbalances which can affect the function of the heart. Prolonged
CINV can lead to
malnutrition and weight loss which could adversely affect the patients
survival.
A class of
anti-emetic drugs called the 5-HT3s has greatly decreased the
occurrence of vomiting in patients experiencing CINV, but has been
less successful with treating nausea.
The drug-free and
all natural aspect of QueaseEASE adds additional benefit for the
patient receiving chemotherapy. Often, multiple medications are being
taken to treat the symptoms experienced by the cancer patient,
sometimes causing drug interactions.
A drug-free
product such as QueaseEASE can provide relief without the unwanted
side effects.(TOP)
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